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Everard of Ypres〔Everardus, Evrard, Eberhard, Eberhardus, Evrardus Yprensis, Everhardus Yprensis.〕 was a scholastic philosopher of the middle of the twelfth century, a master of the University of Paris who became a Cistercian monk of the abbey of Moutier of Argonne. He had worked also for Cardinal Giacinto Bobone, the future Pope Innocent III.〔Richard William Southern, ''Scholastic Humanism and the Unification of Europe'' (1995), pp. 225-230.〕 He studied with Gilbert de la Porrée,〔Giles Constable, ''The Reformation of the Twelfth Century'' (1996), p. 215.〕 first in Chartres and then in Paris,〔Stephen C. Ferruolo, ''The Origins of the University: The Schools of Paris and Their Critics, 1100-1215'' (1995), p. 24.〕 moving from four hearers to huge audiences in the hundreds.〔André Vauchez, Richard Barrie Dobson, Michael Lapidge, 'Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages'' (2001 translation), p. 288.〕 He is an important commentator on the dispute between Gilbert and Bernard of Clairvaux, about which he later wrote.〔 The ''Dialogus Ratii et Everardi'', a work dated to the 1190s,〔Krijna Nelly Ciggaar, ''Western Travellers to Constantinople: The West and Byzantium, 962-1204'' (1996), p. 91.〕 and variously considered either fictional or based on real conversations, contains an exposition of Gilbert's views.〔John Marenbon, ''Gilbert of Poitiers and the Porretans on Mathematica in the Division of the Sciences'', pp. 46-50. in Rainer Berndt (editor), ''"Scientia" und "Disciplina": Wissenstheorie und Wissenschaftspraxis im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert'' (2002)〕 The dialogue is presented between a letter to Pope Urban III and another letter, a literary structure that has been traced back to Sulpicius Severus.〔von Moos; Jay Terry Lees, ''Anselm of Havelberg: Deeds Into Words in the Twelfth Century'' (1998), p. 231.〕 The identification of the author of the ''Dialogus'' and the canonist author of ''Summula decretionum quaestionum'', dated c.1180,〔Constant van de Wiel, ''History of Canon Law'' (1991), p. 119.〕 was made by N. M. Häring; but this is not universally accepted.〔Theresa Gross-Diaz, ''The Psalms Commentary of Gilbert of Poitiers: From Lectio Divina to the Lecture Room'' (1996), p. 17.〕 The ''Summula'' is a digest of the ''Summa'' of Sicardus of Cremona.〔http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/1140d-h.htm〕 ==References== *N. M. Haring, ''Everard of Ypres and his appraisal of the conflict between St. Bernard and Gilbert of Poitiers'', Mediaeval Studies 17 (1955) 143-72 *Peter von Moos, ''Literatur- und bildungsgeschichtliche Aspekte der Dialogform im lateinischen Mittelalter. Der Dialogus Ratii des Eberhard von Ypern zwischen theologischer disputatio und Scholaren-Komödie'', pp. 165–209 in G. Bernt, F. Rädle und G. Silagi (eds.), ''Tradition und Wertung. Festschrift für Franz Brunhölzl zum 65. Geburtstag'', (1989) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Everard of Ypres」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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